Introduction Phrases
- In recent years, [topic] has become a subject of considerable debate.
- While some argue that X, others contend that Y.
- This essay will argue that...
Making Your Main Point
The primary reason for this is that...
Perhaps the most compelling argument in favour of X is that...
One of the most significant consequences of this is...
This is largely due to the fact that...
It is widely acknowledged that...
Adding Evidence & Examples
For instance, / For example, [example].
This is illustrated by the fact that...
Research has shown that / Studies suggest that...
A clear example of this can be seen in [country/context].
This is evident in [real-world situation].
Concession & Counter-Argument
Admittedly, / It must be acknowledged that [opposing point].
While it is true that [opposing view], [your counter-argument].
Although some argue that X, this view overlooks the fact that Y.
Despite the apparent benefits of X, the drawbacks arguably outweigh them.
Critics might argue that..., however, this fails to consider...
Tip: Concede + Counter is the most powerful rhetorical move in academic writing. It shows you understand complexity, which is a Band 7+ skill.
Conclusion Phrases
In conclusion, it is clear that [restate thesis in new words].
To summarise, this essay has argued that [Point 1] and [Point 2], which together demonstrate that [thesis].
In light of the above, it seems evident that the [advantages/disadvantages] of [X] outweigh those of [Y].
Ultimately, while [acknowledge other view], the overall case for [your position] remains compelling.
Common Error: Do NOT introduce NEW arguments in the conclusion. Do NOT use "In a nutshell" (informal). Do NOT start with "Last but not least." These all signal low academic register.
Upgrade Your Vocabulary
"Many people" → a significant proportion of the population / a growing number of individuals
"Good" → beneficial / advantageous / conducive to / favourable
"Bad" → detrimental / harmful / counterproductive / deleterious
"A lot of" → a considerable amount of / a substantial proportion of
"Shows" → demonstrates / illustrates / highlights / underscores / reflects
"Because" → as a result of / due to / owing to / on account of / given that
"Also" → furthermore / moreover / in addition / additionally
"But" → however / nevertheless / nonetheless / on the other hand / yet
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