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IELTS WritingCohesion & Linking
🔗Task 2

Cohesion & Linking

Connectors, referencing & flow

Sentence connectors
Paragraph connectors
Reference words
Avoid repetition
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Sentence-Level Linking

Within paragraphs

ADDING: Furthermore, / Moreover, / In addition, / Additionally,

CONTRASTING: However, / Nevertheless, / On the other hand, / Yet,

CAUSE: As a result, / Consequently, / Therefore, / Thus, / Hence,

CONCEDING: Admittedly, / While it is true that... / Despite this,

EXEMPLIFYING: For instance, / For example, / To illustrate,

EMPHASISING: In particular, / Notably, / Significantly, / Above all,

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Paragraph-Level Connectors

Between paragraphs

Turning to the second point, ...

A further consideration is that...

Alongside this, / Closely related to this is the issue of...

In contrast to the above, ...

Building on this argument, it can also be argued that...

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Reference Words (Avoid Repetition)

Cohesion tool

"Technology" (first mention) → "this phenomenon" / "it" / "such developments" / "these advances"

"Young people" → "they" / "this demographic" / "such individuals" / "the younger generation"

"The government" → "authorities" / "policymakers" / "those in power" / "they"

"The environment" → "natural ecosystems" / "the planet" / "ecological systems"

Tip: Using the exact same noun 4 times in a paragraph signals low Lexical Resource. Use a pronoun (it/they/this) OR a synonym on the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th mention.

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Overused & Penalised Linkers

Avoid these
  • "Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly, Finally" — not wrong, but shows low range. Mix in other connectors.
  • "In my opinion" used 4+ times — use it ONCE in the introduction, then vary: "I would argue that...", "It seems to me that..."
  • "Also" at the start of every sentence — use "Furthermore", "Moreover", "In addition" instead.
  • "And" to start a sentence — formal writing avoids this.
  • "So" to start a conclusion — use "Therefore", "Thus", "Consequently" instead.
✅

Well-Linked Paragraph Example

Band 7+ model

Body

One of the primary reasons why governments should invest in public transport is that it significantly reduces urban traffic congestion. When cities provide efficient, affordable rail and bus systems, a greater number of commuters are incentivised to leave their private vehicles at home. Singapore serves as a compelling example of this: following the expansion of its MRT network, private car usage fell by over 15% within a decade. Consequently, air pollution levels decreased and journey times improved for all road users. This demonstrates that investment in public infrastructure creates tangible benefits not only for transport users but for urban society as a whole.

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